Week 12 - Photojournalism

Photojournalism is a particular form of journalism (the collecting, editing, and presenting of news material for publication or broadcast) that creates images in order to reveal a story behind it. Photo is a representation of a person or scene taken by a camera on light-sensitive material. The photo tells a complete story of an image. As we know, journalist is a medium for the people in knowing the news. It is everywhere in the world, either in the television news, newspaper and etc. Journalism is the timely reporting of events at the local, provincial, national and international levels.

Instead of words a photojournalist uses pictures to tell a story. They also can combine their images with some text to give brief information on the details or events. This known as caption as earlier I explain in week 8. There is a different between photographer and photojournalist. Photographer are only tend to capture the people, thing o place only, while photojournalist take the picture which got an action or emotion that give a little bit information inside it such as shout, kick, cries, explosion and etc that could create a story. They also tend to take that noun picture also but still need a story behind it also.

Thus, there is an ethic for the photojournalist what they need to do or not to do, so that it did not bring the misinterpretation by the audiences through their images. There are some rules and regulation for the photojournalist to be followed below,

1. Take the picture – tell the truth.

This is because the picture does not lie. Photojournalist has to take the picture on the event itself. It needs to be an accurate and comprehensive in the representation of subjects. Photograph resembles in size and shaped of what our eye see. However, photograph cannot tell us what is happened before or after the photo is taken. But, we still believe that the photo give us some information of the truth.

2. Do not manipulate the pictures

With our modern technology, sometimes people are tending to modify the pictures. As a result is would give an opposite story of the pictures, where is the original element of the photo has been changed. This is because the photojournalists want to enhance its impact. As stated by Lester (1995), “But because of computer technology, digital manipulations are relatively easy to accomplish, hard to detect and perhaps more alarming, alter the original image so that checking the authenticity of the picture is impossible”

3. Avoid stereotyping and bias of the person and groups in the work.

This only showing that the journalism are being unprofessional, racist, ignorant or lazy when they capture pictures of ethnic, gender, physical characteristic, sexual preference and job-related cultural groups.

4. Give respect and dignity on the subject. 

Give some kindness and concern to victims or subjects on the events.

5. Maintain the elements of the photo when editing.

This is to avoid the wrong idea of the subjects story.

Therefore, photojournalism must follow the code of the ethics since it could shaped the people perception and interpretation towards the images shown. According to Bersak (2006), the National Press Photographers Association's Code of Ethics “Photographic and video images can reveal great truths, expose wrongdoing and neglect, inspire hope and understanding and connect people around the globe through the language of visual understanding. Photographs can also cause great harm if they are callously intrusive or are manipulated.”

References:

• Bersak, D., R. (2006). Ethics in Photojournalism: Past, Present, and Future. Retrieve on November 10, 2011 from http://web.mit.edu/drb/Public/PhotoThesis/
• Lester, P. M. (1995). Photojournalism Ethics Timeless Issues. Retrieved on November 10^th, 2011 from http://commfaculty.fullerton.edu/lester/writings/photoethics.html
• National Press Photographers Associations. (2011). Code of Ethics. Retrieved November 10 2011, from http://www.nppa.org/professional_development/business_practices/ethics.html

Week 11 - Information Graphics

This week we are given task to analyse the data of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) report on rising fuel & operating cost and use the information given by using the visual graph.

Figure 1. The IATA report.

Task:

1. Generate an information graphic that explains the relationship among gross revenue, gross expenses, cost of fuel and cost of fuel as percentage of expenses from the year 2000 to 2009.

Answer:

2. Explain the consideration you made in designing the information graphic.

Information graphic is a visual representation of data, knowledge or information. These graphics are used where complex information such as the in the figure 1 above are needs to be explained in simple and clearly. As stated by Lester (1995, p.187), “informational graphics are primarily visual displays with the accompanying label & text that help explain an illustration’s meaning”. Therefore, although the table 1 figure above just a simple figure or images, it can present a rich amount of information without messing your head.

From the table 1 above, I am using the line graph. This is because line graphs are usually used to represent changes in data over a period of time. In a line graph, the data is first represented by points, and then line segments are drawn to join the points. In the table 1 above, we can clearly see the line of revenue, expenses and etc of the company rise   and fall along the year from 2000 - 2009. Generally, the horizontal axis is used as the time axis and the vertical axis is used to show changes in the other quantity. In some line graphs, values along the lines themselves have no meaning; they can, however, show a trend.

References:

• Lester, P., M. (1995). Information Graphics. Visual communication: Images with messages. (p. 195). California: Wadsworth Publishing